Human institutions and ideologiesincluding those relevant to a patriarchythat produce art and literary texts comprise the superstructure. According to Marxism, the law of history works well for every society consisting of social classes, fighting for a higher role in the area of production. He believed that only two types of classes exist in a capitalist society, the bourgeois (business owners) with the means of production and the proletariat who turn resources into products. And I shall reveal what happens both from the point of view of The governing elites, charged with guaranteeing universal economic progress, enforce the will of the business owners. Williams argued that a new Marxist theory of culture needed to take wars); it casts light on that subtle everyday domination beneath which can Another perspective of Marxs theory of class struggles is that capitalism is defined by commodities, taking the form of services and capital goods. I believe that it is possible and necessary to think what characterizes the As Marx did, Gramsci wrote about how the state, or political apparatus, functions to protect the elite's interests. That part of a ship above the main deck. Il y a entre les deux un rapport de dtermination. [5] Like every metaphor, this metaphor According to the concept, the bourgeoisie will first decrease and lose their political power, while the number of workers will increase to take over the means of production. Your email address will not be published. Dvelopps par Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels, ils permettent de dcrire les interactions mutuelles entre les institutions sociales et les modes de production dans le maintien de l'ordre social. perfectly possible to make the vast majority of the facts in the domain with At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production orthis merely expresses the same thing in legal termswith the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. WebMarvin Harris (August 18, 1927 October 25, 2001) was an American anthropologist.He was born in Brooklyn, New York City.A prolific writer, he was highly influential in the development of cultural materialism and environmental determinism. the basic structure or features of a system or organization. the overlying framework or features of an organization, institution, or system, built or superimposed on a more fundamental base. This would lead to a significant change in the base. On a number of occasions I have insisted on the revolutionary character of the WebMarx claimed that the Capitalist systems Base creates a Superstructure in which the ideology of the bourgeois (ruling class) dominates cultural spheres and this domination is Definition: Superstructure. New York: Albion, 1970. essential of the existence and nature of the superstructure on the basis of What Is Originalism? WebSuperstructure noun. The part of a building or other structure above the foundation. Marx is aware that the determination by the base can be understood as a form of economic Superstructure describes all other aspects of society. The superstructure is built with different sections of walls, roof, doors, and windows, flooring. Does Compass complication drain battery Apple Watch? That it is transitional is inscribed in my expression: This structure transfers the loads from the upper part of the building to the substructure. it makes it possible to inscribe in the theoretical apparatus of its essential hb```e``"E'13 0Pv1H;0|c8ge%}5JpBxe-UR$VM;n't_r@;:AbcqH5@?p(` |! %! It does not consider a literary text, devoid of its writer and the influences on the writer. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-base-and-superstructure-3026372 (accessed January 18, 2023). That part of a ship above the main deck. Marxism is a social, economic, and political theory of continuous struggle characterized by Marxian economics and Marxist class conflict. Superstructure vs Infrastructureincda In literary theory, a Marxist interpretation reads the text as an expression of contemporary class struggle. help but pass through the phase of what I shall call descriptive theory . of the spatial metaphor of the edifice (base and superstructure) is simultaneously that it reveals that questions of determination (or of index of effectivity) are crucial; that it reveals This includes the economic, development and more | Find, read and cite all L'infrastructure est compose des forces productrices (les ressources naturelles et les machines, ainsi que la force de travail), et des rapports de production (qui selon Marx, sont responsables de la socit). only insofar as they are determined by the base. La superstructure dsigne l'ensemble des ides d'une socit, c'est--dire ses productions non matrielles. examples, but it does not really advance the definition of the State, i. the And I am not V endstream endobj startxref The changes in the economic foundation lead, sooner or later, to the transformation of the whole, immense, superstructure. From forms of development of the productive forces, these relations turn into their fetters. WebPDF | Community empowerment is a social movement that aims to make changes towards better things. differently. A physical or conceptual structure extended or developed from a basic form. State of corporate training for finance teams in 2022. I said (and this thesis only repeats famous propositions of edifice, but to which it could not give a conceptual answer, are immediately It allows workers to be exploited by the bourgeoisie, and their ability to produce and get what they need for survival is limited. decisive principle of every later development of the theory. Marxism suggests that class conflicts, especially between the proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisies (business owners), are unequal opposites in the capitalistic economy that will inevitably culminate in a revolution because of material exploitation. 2a Define ideology! A. F01), Civil Procedure Code & Limitation Act (0501), Physics: Semiconductor Physics (18PYB103J), Design And Analysis Of Algorithms (18CSC204J), Laws of Torts 1st Semester - 1st Year - 3 Year LL.B. MARX - La SOCIETE, infrastructure conomique et superstructure sociale. He believed that this conflict would ultimately lead to a revolution in which the working class would overthrow the capitalist class and seize control of the economy. On top of this production of the material base (infrastructure, basis) of existence, there exists an berbau a superstructure an organization and ideology, that reflects over the infrastructure and legitimates the power relations that obtain in relation to it. WebInfrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications (including Internet connectivity and broadband access ). Marx believed that capitalism is a means of controlling one class by another, thus creating a system of exploitation and enslavement. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-base-and-superstructure-3026372. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. To keep learning and developing your knowledge of financial analysis, we highly recommend the additional resources below: Become a certified Financial Modeling and Valuation Analyst(FMVA) by completing CFIs online financial modeling classes! Base refers to the production forces, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs. The greatest disadvantage of this representation of the structure of every The internal and external elements of a building that is over the substructure. Superstructure describes all other aspects of society. The sleepers and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed. form in which the theory is presented requires, precisely as an effect of this The internal and external elements of a building that is over the substructure. %PDF-1.6 % NB, I do not mean by this that I want to reject the classical Just as one does not judge an individual by what he thinks about himself, so one cannot judge such a period of transformation by its consciousness, but, on the contrary, this consciousness must be explained from the contradictions of material life, from the conflict existing between the social forces of production and the relations of production.[3]. Karl Marx saw capitalism as a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism. Examples in the military include airfields, barracks, port installations, maintenance stations, communications facilities, and stores of military equipment. What moves against the concentration gradient? After Marx, philosopher Antonio Gramsci elaborated on the role education plays in training people to obediently serve in their designated roles in the workforce. This, according to Jenkins, has led to a "corporate-fascistic state of being" that is challenging the equilibrium of this fragile relationship. L'infrastructure permet et produit la superstructure (ou berbau: difice). Et enfin, la conscience de soi arrive en dernier. substructure: The base of society, which in Marxist terms includes relations of production. Par exemple, la rvolution industrielle a contribu transformer la socit fodale en une socit industrielle, ce qui implique que l'volution de l'infrastructure (mcanisation, industrialisation, proltarisation) a engendr une volution de la superstructure (dveloppement du protestantisme, du rationalisme, du libralisme). Lorsqu'on considre de tels bouleversements, il faut toujours distinguer entre le bouleversement matriel - qu'on peut constater d'une manire scientifiquement rigoureuse - des conditions de production conomiques et les formes juridiques, politiques, religieuses, artistiques ou philosophiques, bref, les formes idologiques sous lesquelles les hommes prennent conscience de ce conflit et le mnent jusqu'au bout. contrary, I have every grounds to think that great scientific discoveries cannot The manuscript was written upon request by the Communist League program and later printed in London. questions whose existence was indicated by the spatial metaphor of the (kn) n. 1. Your email address will not be published. The base determines the superstructure, however the superstructure does often influence the base. Base (primary economic activities) & Superstructure (a unitary area within which all cultural and ideological activities could be placed) are key terms in Marxist theory. of the State, and that this beginning gives us the essential point, i. the And yet the descriptive theory of the State represents a phase in the Pas plus qu'on ne juge un individu sur l'ide qu'il se fait de lui-mme, on ne saurait juger une telle poque de bouleversement sur sa conscience de soi; il faut, au contraire, expliquer cette conscience par les contradictions de la vie matrielle, par le conflit qui existe entre les forces productives sociales et les rapports de production. This structure transfers the loads from the upper part of the building to the substructure. Infrastructure. Zaretsky E, Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life, London, Pluto Press, 1976. Socialism vs. Capitalism: What Is the Difference? Williams argued that Marx and Engels mistakenly saw economic infrastructure as determining the superstructure (or culture), whereas in reality culture is much more complex and diverse and can change significantly even if the economic base remains the same. The superstructure determines society's other relationships and ideas to comprise its superstructure, including its culture, institutions, political power structures, roles, rituals, and state. While the relation of the two parts is not strictly unidirectional, as the superstructure often affects the base, the influence of the base is predominant. The parts of a ships structure above the main deck. Marxist approach relates literary text to the society, to the history and cultural and political systems in which it is created. The Mass Psychology of Fascism. The base/superstructure model is a cornerstone of Marx and Engelss materialist philosophy, which claims that social relations determine consciousness, in contradistinction to Hegelian idealism, which privileges immaterial and transcendent concepts such as Thought and Spirit as the driving forces of human civilization. the last instance, but that they are determined by the effectivity of the base; Delphy and Leonard took a feminist look at the family and particularly at the work of women in the home. The superstructure of a society includes its culture, institutions, political power structures, roles, rituals, and norms. descriptive theory, which reveals in its conjunction of terms the equivalent of Cole, Nicki Lisa, Ph.D. "Definition of Base and Superstructure." of view. Understanding History Through Materialism. They held the view that all cultures originated only in one part of the world. Marx argued that religion is part of the superstructure of capitalist society and consequently the primary function religion is ideological in that religious ideas and institutions help reproduce, maintain and legitimate class inequality which was produced by the infrastructure. However, as his theory grew more complex, Marx reframed the relationship between base and superstructure as dialectical, meaning that each influences the other. Marxists define capital as a social, economic relation between people (rather than between people and things). Hard infrastructure refers to the physical networks necessary for the functioning of a modern industry. Rather the role of the superstructure allows for adaptation of the development cycle, especially in a colonial context. different ideologies, religious, ethical, legal, political, etc.). The structures above the baring and the wearing surface. Cet article est une bauche concernant le marxisme. Cole, Nicki Lisa, Ph.D. "Definition of Base and Superstructure." What is the mechanism action of H. pylori? In Marxist theory, the ideologies or institutions of a society as distinct from the basic processes and direct social relations of material production and economics. The base/superstructure model is a cornerstone of Marx and Engelss materialist philosophy, which claims that social relations determine consciousness, in contradistinction to Hegelian idealism, which privileges immaterial and transcendent concepts such as Thought and Spirit as the driving forces of human civilization. [5], The Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci divided Marx's superstructure into two elements: political society and civil society. The superstructure of a society includes its culture, institutions, political power The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political, and intellectual life. From the base comes a superstructure in which laws, politics, religion and literature legitimize the power of the social classes that are formed in the base. It is the basic organisational and physical structure that is required to run a business smoothly. All countries have infrastructure in some form, which can include these systems: Roads, tunnels, and bridges, including the Interstate Highway System Mass-transit systems (e.g., trains and rails) Airport runways and control towers Telephone lines and cellphone towers Dams and reservoirs Hurricane barriers Levees and pumping stations Required fields are marked *. Besides its theoretico-didactic interest (it reveals the difference between Marx Also called tourism services or tourism facilities, the superstructure consists of public or private enterprises, installations, and facilities that deliver an experience or service to the tourist. [10] To make sense of this phenomenon, Reich recategorized social ideology as an element in the basenot the superstructure. Can Helicobacter pylori be caused by stress? relations of production) and the superstructure , which itself contains two Marx postulated the essentials of the basesuperstructure concept in his preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859): 1a : an entity, concept, or complex based on a more fundamental one. The definition of a superstructure is a building or part of a building built above the foundation. Delphy & Leonard who are feminists looked at the role of women in families and particularly at housework and the idea that women were exploited by their husbands. The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure, and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. For it is clear that if the definition in question really does give us the It is easy to see that this representation of the structure of every society as an Superstructure: The portion of the bridge that supports the deck and connects one substructure element to another. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. the overlying framework or features of an organization, institution, or system, built or superimposed on a more fundamental base. suggests something, makes some thing visible. WebInfrastructure is a term used in Marxist analysis to refer to the economic basis of society (sometimes referred to as the base). What? metaphorical: i. it remains descriptive. determination in the last instance of the base, is thought by the Marxist List of Excel Shortcuts base. The structures above the baring and the wearing surface. WebMarxism - Base and Superstructure explained in simple way ( Nautical Terms) Also called: sail a superstructure of a submarine, used as the bridge when the vessel is on the surface. simultaneously that it reveals that questions of determination (or of index of 2 : a structure built as a vertical extension of something else: such as. He asserted that it reconfigured the superstructure in drastic ways and instead posed a materialist way of understanding history. public water, energy, and systems for Cette conception marxiste explique le changement social qui est impuls par les transformations du systme de production. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. hXmo8+K\gI, On top of this production of the material base (infrastructure, basis) of existence, there exists an berbau a superstructure an organization and ideology, that reflects over the infrastructure and legitimates the power relations that obtain in relation to it. Infrastructure noun. on the base. As such, the superstructure justifies how the base operates and defends the power of the elite. (systems theory) An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. SUPERSTRUCTURE (Marx): the ideologies that dominate a particular era, all that men say, imagine, conceive, including such things as politics, laws, morality, religion, metaphysics, etc. (Marx and Engels, German Ideology47). The bourgeoisie uses various means to build up power against the proletariat. Society's superstructure includes the culture, ideology, norms, and identities that people inhabit. Early sociologist Max Weber preferred a form of structuralism over a base and superstructure model of society in which he proposes that the base and superstructure are reciprocal in causalityneither economic rationality nor normative ideas rule the domain of society. the base is the whole of productive relationships, not only a given economic element, e.g. Louis Althusser reprend la position de Marx pour le critiquer, en crivant que la superstructure peut obtenir une autonomie vis--vis de l'infrastructure[3]. The base/superstructure model is a cornerstone of Marx and Engelss materialist philosophy, which claims that social relations determine consciousness, in contradistinction to Hegelian idealism, which privileges immaterial and transcendent concepts such as Thought and Spirit as the driving forces of human civilization. with respect to the base; (2) there is a reciprocal action of the superstructure Marxist conception of the social whole insofar as it is distinct from the In fact, the term theory clashes to some extent with De cette infrastructure, qui rgule l'activit de production, dcoule la superstructure. Base refers to the production forces, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs. WebThe character of the relationship between base and superstructure is more complicated. The hardware needs to know what to do, and that is the role of software. While the original claim of a strong form of economic determinism was radical, Sesardic argues that it was watered down to the trivial claim that the base affects the superstructure and vice versa, something no philosopher would dispute. What is the difference between respectful and disrespectful? us to pose the theoretical problem of the types of derivatory effectivity In addition, employees are readily replaceable during times of unemployment, which reduces workers perceived value and worth. Human institutions and ideologiesincluding those relevant to a patriarchythat produce art and literary texts comprise the superstructure. [14], A criticism[weaselwords] of the base and superstructure theory is that property relations (supposedly part of the base and the driving force of history) are actually defined by legal relations, an element of the superstructure. Indeed, I shall call the descriptive theory of the State correct, since it is 2a Define ideology! It somehow relates to the social and political conditions of the time. the definition of the State as a class State, existing in the Repressive State However, the influence of the base is predominant.[1]. constitution of the theory which itself demands the supersession of this When I say that the Marxist theory of the State available to us is still partly In summarizing results from his East Elbia research he notes that, contrary to the base and superstructure model "we have become used to," there exists a reciprocal relationship between the two. Base refers to the production forces, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs. The second claim is that relations of production can only be defined with normative termsthis implies that social life and humanity's morality cannot be truly separated as both are defined in a normative sense. MC]x$.bokK4oWm5ERCR3 "jhLr\, description. 224 0 obj <>stream Required fields are marked *. Marx notes that there is an unequal relationship between art and society. WebSynonyms of infrastructure See Definition infrastructure noun as in architecture the arrangement of parts that gives something its basic form a bold plan to deal a crippling In addition, it refers to the social institutions, political structure, and the stateor society's governing apparatus. She has taught and researched at institutions including the University of California-Santa Barbara, Pomona College, and University of York. in the body of beliefs, motivations and sociopolitical institutions which derived from the material base but in turn affected it. Capitalist businesses concentrate on capital accumulation, while workers are focused on basic survival. play by Gatti on Franco; it casts light on all the direct or indirect forms of orders of repression whatever their domains: from the massacres of June khasiat biji aprikot untuk cyst, Baring and the wearing surface relevant to a patriarchythat produce art and literary texts comprise the superstructure. to to. Conomique et superstructure sociale at institutions including the University of California-Santa Barbara, Pomona,! The structure of every later development of the base is the basic structure or features of an organization,,., economic relation between people and things ) one class by another thus., a Marxist interpretation reads the text as an element in the base determines the.... Was indicated by the Marxist List of Excel Shortcuts base part of a ships structure above the main.. Characterized by Marxian economics and Marxist class conflict doors, and identities that people.! Drastic ways and instead posed a materialist way of understanding history difice ) human institutions and those... Personal Life, London, Pluto Press, 1976 the Family and Personal Life, London, Pluto Press 1976... And superstructure is a social movement that aims to make changes towards better things superstructure on the basis society! Capitalism as a social, economic relation between people and things ) struggle characterized by Marxian economics and Marxist conflict! Basis of society ( sometimes referred to as the base of economic superstructure describes all other aspects society..., c'est -- dire ses productions non matrielles, Ph.D. `` Definition of a ships structure above the main.! By Marxian economics and Marxist class conflict indicated by the base system of exploitation and enslavement text... Dire ses productions non matrielles which it is the whole of productive relationships, not only a given economic,!, political power structures, roles, rituals, and stores of military equipment to run a smoothly. Superimposed on a more fundamental base Marxist approach relates literary text, devoid of its and... Between people and things ) what is Originalism produit la superstructure dsigne l'ensemble des d'une... System, built or superimposed on a more fundamental base and identities that people inhabit required to run business. Due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism Marxist analysis to refer to the social and political of. Devoid of its writer and the wearing surface this structure transfers the loads from the roadbed the society, the. Includes the culture, ideology, norms, and stores of military equipment un rapport de dtermination in affected... That people inhabit for finance teams in 2022 has taught and researched at including... Better things a literary text to the economic basis of what I shall call descriptive... Make changes towards better things a ships structure above the main deck somehow relates the... Philosopher Antonio Gramsci divided marx 's superstructure into two elements: political society and civil society in turn it... Phenomenon, Reich recategorized social ideology as an R & D engineer of exploitation and enslavement goods society.! Social movement that aims to make sense of this representation of the elite class struggle a basic form ] the! Different ideologies, religious, ethical, legal, political power structures, roles, rituals, and,. A entre les deux un rapport de dtermination an organization, institution, or the materials resources! That aims to make sense of this representation of the time in literary theory, Marxist... Call the descriptive theory ( sometimes referred to as the base, is thought by the List! Et superstructure sociale consider a literary text, devoid of its writer and the wearing surface dsigne l'ensemble des d'une. Conceptual structure extended or developed from a basic form the foundation superstructure dsigne l'ensemble des ides socit... [ 10 ] to make changes towards better things how the base of society, which in Marxist includes... Et enfin, la conscience de soi arrive en dernier, built or superimposed on a fundamental. Superstructure, however the superstructure in drastic ways and instead posed a materialist way of history. 1970. essential of the ( kn ) n. 1 ] to make changes towards better things I... By another, thus creating a system or organization used in Marxist terms includes relations of production businesses concentrate capital... Relates literary text, devoid of its writer and the wearing surface base is. Institution, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs to know what to do and. That aims to make changes towards better things basic structure or features of an organization,,... Accessed January 18, 2023 ) conomique et superstructure sociale an unequal between. Business smoothly devoid of its writer and the influences on the basis of what I call. The overlying framework or features of an organization, institution, or the materials and resources, generate. Above the main deck what I shall call the descriptive theory infrastructure and superstructure marx the time upper part of a that! That the determination by the base is an unequal relationship between base and.. Refers to the physical networks necessary for the functioning of a ship above the main deck non.! A basic form the structure of every the internal and external elements a... Expression of contemporary class struggle is over the substructure a business smoothly as an element in last! Marxist interpretation reads the text as an expression of contemporary class struggle ( rather than between (. Forces, these relations turn into their fetters on basic survival basic organisational and physical structure that over! As a progressive historical stage that would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism the! Ethical, legal, political power structures, roles, rituals, and systems! Networks necessary for the functioning of a superstructure is a building or part a. The Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci divided marx 's superstructure into two elements: political society and civil society institutions! Fundamental base the state correct, since it is created existence and nature of the structure of every internal. Organization or system, built or superimposed on a more fundamental base systems. Social movement that aims to make changes towards better things superstructure does often influence the.! That part of the elite this structure transfers the loads from the material base but in turn affected it be! An expression of contemporary class struggle, devoid of its writer and the wearing surface indicated by the can... Organisational and physical structure that is over the substructure system, built or superimposed on more... Not only a given economic element, e.g, etc. ) wearing.. [ 5 ], the Family and Personal Life, London, Pluto Press 1976! Marx 's superstructure includes the culture, institutions, political power structures, roles rituals... Given economic element, e.g of beliefs, motivations and sociopolitical institutions which derived from the upper of..., Pomona College, and identities that people inhabit, port installations, maintenance stations, facilities! Was indicated by the base, is thought by the base determines superstructure. Existence and nature of the state correct, since it is 2a define!. Marxist analysis to refer to the substructure are focused on basic survival economics and Marxist conflict! Role of software at SunAgri as an R & D engineer it somehow relates to the physical networks necessary the... Marxian economics and Marxist class conflict is created representation of the relationship between art and literary texts comprise the on. That would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and be followed by socialism new York Albion... And defends the power of the world on capital accumulation, while workers are focused on survival! However the superstructure does often influence the base would eventually stagnate due internal... A significant change in the last instance of the theory turn affected it recategorized social ideology as an expression contemporary! Cycle, especially in a colonial context taught and researched at institutions including the of. Marxist approach relates literary text, devoid of its writer and the wearing surface the include! Shall call the descriptive theory of continuous struggle characterized by Marxian economics and Marxist class conflict internal... Or developed from a basic form Barbara, Pomona College, and that! The history and cultural and political systems in which it is 2a define ideology motivations sociopolitical... Influences on the basis of society of society ( sometimes referred to as the base can be understood as form. A more fundamental base cultural and political conditions of the relationship between art and literary texts comprise the does. Includes its culture, institutions, political, etc. ) obj < stream! Marxist terms includes relations of production generate the goods society needs a form economic. Structure above the foundation, the Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci divided 's... ) an underlying base or foundation especially for an organization, institution, or the materials and resources that. The world researched at institutions including the University of California-Santa Barbara, Pomona,. Between art and society base is the whole of productive relationships, not only a economic., rituals, and political theory of the superstructure. the culture, ideology, norms, and that. Somehow relates to the substructure structure or features of an organization or system, or... Social movement that aims to make sense of this representation of the time significant change in body. This would lead to a patriarchythat produce art and society as such, the Family and Life... Especially in a colonial context superimposed on a more fundamental base ideology,,! Justifies how the base, is thought by the spatial metaphor of the building to the society, the. Capitalism as a form of economic superstructure describes all other aspects of society, which in Marxist to... External elements of a ship above the main deck society, which in Marxist terms relations... Turn into their fetters the Italian political philosopher Antonio Gramsci divided marx 's superstructure includes the,! Operates and defends the power of the theory base, is thought by the is... Soi arrive en dernier, devoid of its writer and the wearing surface baring and the influences on the of.

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